1- My understanding is that the Prophet’s (s) dress was somewhere between the Shia and Sunni traditional dress. We do have narrations that say it’s good to keep the garment a bit short in order for the garments not to become dirty and najes when walking in the streets (and back then there were no sewers or proper sanitary procedures). Some Sunnis make it too short. We also have a hadith from the Prophet (s) that says to keep the mustache short. Some have understood it as shaving the mustache, but most Shia scholars believe that the correct text of it is to trim it not fully shave it. For example in Bukhari, it says قصوا الشوارب which means cut the mustache (not entirely shave it).

As for the Amama, the Prophet had different colors. Sometimes he would wear a black one (like during war), sometimes a green one, and sometimes a white one…he would also wear a cloak.

2- Aisha never truly repented after Jamal. She continued hating Imam Ali (a), and when Imam Ali (a) was martyred, she showed happiness. But yes, numerous sources indicate she was the first to strike the body of Imam Hassan (a) with an arrow. Some references:

الهداية الكبرى (الخصيبي): ١٨٧، عيون المعجزات (ابن عبد الوهاب): ٥٨، المناقب (ابن شهرآشوب) ٤: ٤٤ في وفاته وزيارته، بحار الأنوار ٤٤: ١٤١ و ٩٩: ١٦٦

3- We believe their fate was a bad one. Initially the fought but when Imam Ali (a) later reminded Zubayr (for example) that the Prophet (s) had warned him from fighting Imam Ali (a) he retreated from the battlefield. He left without trying to tell others to stop fighting Imam Ali (a). So he didn’t repent properly.