In general, the evil eye can inflict damage. In certain cases, it might even lead to death, though this might be rare. The same can be said to black magic.
Now this doesn’t mean that every bad thing that happens is due to the evil eye or black magic. Allah tries us in this life, and part of this trial is to go through suffering sometimes. But the Ahlulbayt have taught us to protect ourselves through these ways:
1- Wear the Hirz of Imam Jawad (a). This offers protection.
2- Recite Sura Falaq and Nas in the morning, afternoon and at night.
3- Recite Ayatul Kursi (2:255-257) at least 4 times a day.
4- Recite 68:51-52 everyday.
5- Have this Dua written and wear it, or recite it:
بسم الله وبالله بسم الله وما شاء الله، بسم الله لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله، قال موسى ما جئتم به السحر إن الله سيبطله إن الله لا يصلح عمل المفسدين، فوقع الحق وبطل ما كانوا يعملون فغلبوا هنالك وانقلبوا صاغرين
6- Recite this 7 times:
بسم الله وبالله، سنشد عضدك بأخيك ونجعل لكما سلطانا فلا يصلون إليكما بآياتنا أنتما ومن اتبعكما الغالبون
So Allah will protect you.
Some quick references:
https://youtu.be/3XqTmz9m9h8
https://youtu.be/sHsBTMC4zRg
https://youtu.be/rVXEpGCnpt4
https://youtu.be/tHL8XElI4mQ
https://youtu.be/nFjnWU30ZuA