I've never been to a Friday prayer. Can you please teach me everything about friday prayer?

https://www.sistani.org/english/book/48/2201/

Is it halal to have food flavoring with alcohol in it? I would like to buy vanilla extract, which is a vanilla flavoring to put in dessert, but the bottle says there is alcohol in it. Is this permissible?

No it would not be permissible. However I have been told there is an alternative to vanilla extract which is called vanilla essences that has no alcohol.

I want to know the prime salat time range for each prayer. Let’s say fajar Prayer starts at 5.54 am. Then till what time you get the max prayer blessings and it is counted as prayer’s fazeelat time. For example Like till 6.15 am. And I request you to advise me regarding the fazeelat time for each prayer.

The following is from the risalat of Sayed Muhammad Taqi Modaressi

The time for the fajr prayer begins with daybreak and lasts until sunrise.
It is highly recommended to hasten to pray fajr at the beginning of its time rather than delaying it until almost sunrise, except for one who is sleeping, who forgets or who is pre-occupied. But it is best to offer this prayer before the sky becomes entirely illuminated, while it is still dark and gloomy.

Sunan pertaining to the time for prayer
It is highly recommended to hasten to prayer and offer one’s prayers at the earliest moment possible, in the preferred time (waqt al-fad?i¯la), and to avoid delaying them unnecessarily. It is also recommended to pray as soon as possible, even after the preferred time has lapsed, as the closer a prayer is offered to the beginning of its time, the better that prayer is.

Why Allah used the word "we" in the Quran instead of "I" and also why He used "Us" instead of "me"...
e.g: We created the Universe, why not I created the Universe?

It is called the Majestic We or the Royal We. You can read more about it here:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_we

I’ve decided to follow the ahlulbayt. After my agnostic days I was very anti religion anti Islam but when I was introduced with karbala tragedy which I never knew of I questioned religion specifically shiite Islam though [DELETED] today are considered “moderate” and are persecuted by salafi muslims they still are anti shia and coming forth to my parents it’s going to be a problem. My parents may do some practises like salaawat for Fatima Zahra (AS), there’s still elements of anti “ithna asheri”. Somali shias did exist(still do) during the tradings with Persians and there was a functioning shia mosque in Somalia but very few attended and with communism ruling religion practices was a no. My issue is prayer how can I deal with prayer when family prays in the [DELETED] way and I want pray the shiite way with a muhr?

You can pray behind them but with the intention of singular salat and prostrate on something permissible to prostrate on for example a straw mat or piece of straw and show them the narration in the books which show the prophet (s) prayed on this item. If you can not prostrate on anything permissible then repeat your prayer in private where you can use the mohr. These are some options and i hope your situation eases.

Please remind me which four month are sacred in the Islamic calender.

Muharram
Rajab
Dhul Qidah
Dhul Hijjah

What are the benefits of Hirz Jawad as opposed to wearing an aqiq ring?

Hirz is worn for protection

Recently I was forwarded a clip recorded at a well known Shi'i conference in the United States.

In it there is a speaker (unidentified) who puts forth claims that all Prophets would say "Ya Ali". This includes Prophet Adam and Prophet Ibrahim, and even goes on to say Imam Ali and his assassin said it as well. I've attached the link to the video below.

Now I understand the importance that has been placed on Tawassul in Quran and ahadith, but Ive never come across something like this. Maybe this is due to my own ignorance.

So are the claims provided by this speaker valid or found in Shia literature? If so and they are authenticated, what would be the reasoning?

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K_-fEHmuoU5UrjsextkNDmMUk5QTZyTI/view?usp=drivesdk

I was there and saw this as well. The person is a famous poet. The part about about the prophets seeking help via Ahl ul Bayt (as) is true and I have done a lecture about this as well.

https://youtu.be/ZG0M0avhxxU

However the part about the assassination is just him being poetic acting as if this would have happened, yet it has no record in the history.

I was wondering if Nowruz is halal to celebrate. As well as if the holiday has any significance for the Shia. If there are any hadith that shows the significance of Nowruz, what is the grade of the hadith (sahih or da'if)?

If it does have significance within the Shia, why was it commonly associated with other ancient roots?

We do have some narrations for Nowruz but they are generally seen as weak narrations. There is no harm in celebrating Nowruz and it’s done by different nationalities of Shia’s especially Iranians.

Allah knows best.

I have a question regarding this quote circulating on the internet of Imam Ali purportedly saying this quote:

"Asceticism is not that you should not own anything, but that it should not own you."

Is there a source for this quote? And is it 'sahih'?

How does one properly attain 'zuhd' from wordly desires and how can one achieve that 'middle road' of enjoyment of life and ibadat of Allah (swt).

I am not sure of this hadith as i have not seen it.

As for achieving the middle road one should not be extreme in either direction. One should balance their things in life.